QUAL O VALOR DA PENSÃO ALIMENTÍCIA?
Uma das perguntas mais feitas nos escritórios de advocacia, no tocante a pensão alimentícia, é quanto seria o valor da mesma, que o pai ou a mãe teria que dar ao outro, em relação aos filhos.
A pensão alimentícia é devida pelo genitor(a) ao outro genitor(a) que está com a guarda do filho. E na impossibilidade do genitor(a) arcar com tal obrigação, esta poderá recair nos avós.
A Constituição Federal preceitua
“Art. 227. É dever da família, da sociedade e do Estado assegurar à criança, ao adolescente e ao jovem, com absoluta prioridade, o direito à vida, à saúde, à alimentação, à educação, ao lazer, à profissionalização, à cultura, à dignidade, ao respeito, à liberdade e à convivência familiar e comunitária, além de colocá-los a salvo de toda forma de negligência, discriminação, exploração, violência, crueldade e opressão.(grifo nosso)
Art. 229. Os pais têm o dever de assistir, criar e educar os filhos menores, e os filhos maiores têm o dever de ajudar e amparar os pais na velhice, carência ou enfermidade.”
O Código Civil também prevê a obrigação da Pensão Alimentícia no
“Art. 1.694. Podem os parentes, os cônjuges ou companheiros pedir uns aos outros os alimentos de que necessitem para viver de modo compatível com a sua condição social, inclusive para atender às necessidades de sua educação.
§ 1o Os alimentos devem ser fixados na proporção das necessidades do reclamante e dos recursos da pessoa obrigada.
§ 2o Os alimentos serão apenas os indispensáveis à subsistência, quando a situação de necessidade resultar de culpa de quem os pleiteia.”
Da análise dos dispositivos acima mencionados, bem como na jurisprudência pátria o valor da Pensão Alimentícia deve obedecer ao binômio da necessidade da criança beneficiada e a disponibilidade do pai ou mãe que arcará com o pagamento da obrigação.
Assim é infundada as afirmativas que vemos nas ruas e nos pensamentos das pessoas mal informadas, que dizem que o valor da pensão alimentícia é de 20% (vinte por cento) ou mais ou menos que isso.
Na verdade a legislação pertinente não afirma em nenhum momento o quantum deve ser a pensão alimentícia, apenas prevê que os genitores possuem a obrigação de suprir as despesas necessárias à sobrevivência dos filhos.
Essas despesas necessárias compreendem os gastos com alimentação, saúde, vestimentas, educação e lazer, que em regra deveria ser arcada igualmente por ambos os genitores.
Mas na verdade, na prática o que vemos é uma divisão aparentemente desigual. Pois muitas das vezes vemos um dos genitores arcar com praticamente todo o gasto do filho.
Aparentemente desigual, olhando pelo lado financeiro, pois quando um genitor possui uma renda maior é justo que este arque com uma parcela maior. Além é claro que o(a) genitor(a) que está com a guarda do filho, além dos custos financeiros, está dando também a parte da convivência, o cuidar, coisas essas imensuráveis.
Assim é impossível afirmarmos um valor exato que terá uma pensão alimentícia. Pois o quantum desta dependerá dos fatores mencionados acima, que por certo deixará uma pensão alimentícia com uma porcentagem de 50% (cinquenta por cento) da renda, como pode deixar com uma porcentagem de 5% (cinco por cento) da renda.
Concluindo o que na verdade temos de concreto sobre a pensão alimentícia é que ambos os genitores possuem a obrigação de contribuir com a sobrevivência dos filhos, numa proporção que obedeça ao binômio necessidade e disponibilidade. Podendo em alguns casos tal obrigação recair sobre os avós.
Artigo feito pelo Bel João Ricardo Sousa de Castro, em 02 de novembro de 2014
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